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Have you ever stood in front of a shelf full of sunscreens and wondered which one to buy? SPF 30, SPF 50, PA+++, broad spectrum, mineral, chemical... the choices can get confusing very quickly.
I remember feeling the same way when I first started paying more attention to skincare. I knew sunscreen was important, but I wasn't always sure what all those terms on the label actually meant or which one would suit my skin best.
However, choosing the right sunscreen or sunblock doesn't have to be complicated. Once you understand a few basics, buying one becomes much easier. In this guide, I'll walk you through the key things to check before buying a sunscreen, so you can choose one that suits your skin type and needs.
Why Do You Need Sunscreen?
Sunscreen is used to protect your skin from the harmful UV (ultraviolet) rays of the sun. UV radiation can cause suntan, sunburn, premature skin ageing, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and, in the worst cases, even skin cancer.
A good sunscreen maintains your skin's health and appearance by blocking or absorbing these rays. Regular use of sunscreen prevents dark spots and discoloration and even keeps your skin tone even. Additionally, it protects your skin's natural barrier and ensures that it remains healthy, hydrated, and resilient.
What to Look for When Buying a Sunscreen
There are a few factors to consider before you buy a sunscreen or sunblock. They are:
1. Understanding SPF
SPF or Sun Protection Factor is a number you will see on every sunscreen tube or bottle. Simply put, SPF measures how well a sunscreen can protect your skin from UVB rays, the ones that cause your skin to redden.
* SPF 15 blocks about 93% of UVB rays
* SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB rays
* SPF 50 blocks about 98% of UVB rays
So, highest SPF means more protection, right? Yes, but not by a huge margin.
Your exposure to sun depends on your geographical location, the time of day and the hours you stay outdoors. Hence, pick a sunscreen reflecting on these points. Like for example, if you are out walking your dog or on a drive, then SPF 15 is fine. If you are planning to be outdoors for a short time (like for a swim, etc.) then SPF 30 will be good enough. On the other hand, if you intend to be outdoors for an extended period of time or you live in a country close to the equator, then a sunscreen of SPF 50 will be best.
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends that you choose a sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher for daily use.
2. Check the PA Rating
SPF tells you how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, the ones mainly responsible for sunburn. But that's only part of the story.
You'll also notice a PA rating on many sunscreens, usually written as PA+, PA++, PA+++, or PA++++. This indicates how much protection the sunscreen offers against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin and are linked to premature ageing, wrinkles, pigmentation, and may also contribute to skin cancer.
As a general rule, the more '+' signs a sunscreen has, the higher its UVA protection.
* PA+ – Some UVA protection
* PA++ – Moderate UVA protection
* PA+++ – High UVA protection
* PA++++ – Extremely high UVA protection
For everyday use, choosing a sunscreen with PA+++ or PA++++ is usually a good idea, especially if you spend a lot of time outdoors.
3. Broad Spectrum Protection is a Must
Even if a sunscreen has a high SPF and PA rating, make sure it is labelled broad spectrum. This means it protects your skin against both UVA and UVB rays, giving you more complete protection during daily sun exposure.
4. Consider Your Skin Type
Just like you consider your skin type when choosing the right moisturizer, the type of skin you have also plays a big role in picking the right sunscreen for you.
* Oily or Acne-prone Skin: If you have oily or acne-prone skin, then opt for oil-free and non-comedogenic formulas. Gel-based sunscreens or powders with a matte finish can be a great option too.
* Dry Skin: Cream and lotion sunscreens, as well as sunscreens with added moisturizers are good for people with dry skin.
* Sensitive Skin: People with sensitive skin should ideally go for hypoallergenic and fragrance-free sunscreens. Mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are often gentler and advisable.
Also Read: Stop Making These 8 Sunscreen Mistakes
5. Water-Resistant for the Win
If you sweat profusely, spend a lot of time outdoors, or enjoy swimming, then a water-resistant sunscreen is a smart idea.
Remember, no sunscreen is completely waterproof or sweatproof. Instead, look for the words 'water resistant' on the packaging. A water-resistant sunscreen is effective for about 40 to 80 minutes (depending on the product). Thereafter, you need to reapply it.
6. Chemical or Mineral Sunscreen?
One question many people ask is, "Should I choose a mineral sunscreen or a chemical sunscreen?"
The truth is, both protect your skin effectively. The main difference lies in the active ingredients they use and how they protect your skin from UV rays.
One easy way to tell them apart is by checking the active ingredients on the label.
Mineral sunscreens (also called physical sunscreens) usually contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. They form a protective layer on the skin and help reflect and scatter UV rays. They are often recommended for people with sensitive skin because they are generally less likely to cause irritation.
Chemical sunscreens, on the other hand, contain UV filters such as avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, or newer filters like Tinosorb S and Uvinul A Plus. These ingredients absorb UV rays before they can damage your skin.
So, which one should you choose?
* Choose a mineral sunscreen if you have sensitive skin or prefer a fragrance-free, gentle formula.
* Choose a chemical sunscreen if you prefer a lightweight sunscreen that blends easily into the skin without leaving much of a white cast. They are often a good choice for everyday wear.
Ultimately, the best sunscreen is the one you'll enjoy wearing every day, because consistent use is far more important than whether it's mineral or chemical.
7. Spray, Lotion or Stick?
Sunscreens come in various forms, and choosing one depends on your preference and convenience.
* Lotions: Lotions, for example, are great for full-body coverage. They are easy to rub in and ensure you don't miss a spot.
* Sprays: Sprays are super convenient, especially for kids and hard-to-reach areas of your body. If you're using a spray sunscreen, avoid spraying it directly onto your face. Instead, spray it onto your hands first and then apply it to your face.
* Sticks: These are perfect for touch-ups during travel and delicate areas like your face.
8. Read Reviews Before You Buy
Before buying a new sunscreen, spend a few minutes reading reviews from people who have actually used it. If possible, look for reviews that include real photos and discuss the ingredients, texture, application, and overall experience rather than simply giving the product a star rating.
Reading a mix of expert reviews and genuine user experiences can help you make a more informed decision.
Conclusion
To sum it up, choosing the right sunscreen is not a daunting task. By checking the sunscreen's SPF, PA rating, broad-spectrum protection, water-resistance, and whether it suits your skin type, you can find one that fits your needs and lifestyle. The only thing you need to remember is to reapply your sunscreen every two hours, especially if you are outdoors, sweating, or swimming. If need be, carry a travel-size sunscreen tube for easy access.
If you'd like to see how these tips apply to a real product, you can also read my detailed review of the Joy Hello Sun Glow Protect Daily Brightening Sunscreen SPF 40 PA+++, where I evaluate its ingredients, texture, finish, and overall performance.
Got any sunscreen tips or favorite sunscreen? Share them in the comments below!
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